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| African Sideneck Turtle |
The African Sideneck Turtle,scientifically known as Pelomedusidae,is a captivating family of freshwater turtles native to sub-Saharan Africa,including regions like Madagascar,São Tomé,and the Seychelles.Renowned for their distinctive appearance and charming behaviors,these aquatic turtles have become a fascinating subject of observation for nature enthusiasts.
A Playful Quirk:
The Sideneck Trait
One of the most intriguing features of the African Sideneck Turtle is its inability to fully retract its head into its shell,which has earned it the endearing nickname "African side-necked turtle."Instead of the conventional method,they adorably tuck their heads to the side,creating a unique posture.This trait sets them apart from their turtle counterparts and makes them a joy to watch, especially for those who appreciate nature's quirks.
Captivating Appearance:
With a shell length ranging from 12 to 45 cm (4.7 to 17.7 in), the African Sideneck Turtle boasts a roundish shape that adds to its distinct charm.Their shells are often a deep,dark brown,complemented by olive to brown skin adorned with striking black markings on their heads.Large,round eyes and a seemingly perpetual smile give these turtles an appearance that's as endearing as it is captivating.
Varieties of Splendor:
In the realm of the African Sideneck Turtle,variety is the spice of life.While there are no officially designated subspecies,the turtles display fascinating variations.The "normal form" features the characteristic coloration described earlier.The "rainforest form" exhibits a captivating all-over dark brown or black shell,while the "savannah form"showcases a buttery caramel hue with a distinctive yellow plastron.These variations contribute to the allure of these remarkable creatures.
Aquatic Wonders:
African Sideneck Turtles are well-adapted to aquatic life,preferring still water bodies like swamps, lakes, and shallow pools.In the wild, their lifespan averages around 25 years, but under proper care in captivity,they can thrive for up to double that time.Their semi-webbed feet, armed with sharp claws,enable them to gracefully glide through water at speeds of up to 12 miles per hour,showcasing their impressive swimming prowess.
A Stealthy Predator:
Known colloquially as the "crocodile turtle,"the African Sideneck Turtle sometimes surprises prey with its swift underwater attacks.In group settings,they work together to catch water birds and other prey,employing their sharp claws to seize and overpower their target.This behavior can often be mistaken for the actions of a crocodile due to the dramatic commotion it causes in the water.
A Lesson in Adaptation:
One distinguishing feature of the African Sideneck Turtle is its unhinged undershell, preventing it from fully retracting its head.However,this limitation doesn't hinder its ability to right itself if overturned.Thanks to its robust neck, the turtle employs vigorous movements to regain its footing,a testament to nature's ingenious solutions.
The African Sideneck Turtle stands as a testament to the diverse wonders of the natural world.With its captivating appearance, endearing habits,and remarkable adaptations,it continues to enchant and intrigue those who have the privilege of observing it in its aquatic habitat.As a unique representative of Africa's biodiversity,this side-necked marvel deserves admiration and protection for generations to come.
You can also read : Mata Mata Turtle.
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Scientific classification:
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Testudines
Suborder:
Pleurodira
Family:
Pelomedusidae
Cope, 1868
Genera:
Pelomedusa Wagler, 1830
Pelusios Wagler, 1830
Synonyms:
- Pelomedusinae (Cope, 1868)
This family comprises two extant genera,namely Pelomedusa and Pelusios.Their unique identifier lies in the hinge positioned at the front portion of the plastron,distinguishing them from their nearest kin.
Pelomedusids exhibit a preference for muddy aquatic realms,primarily residing in the depths of rivers and shallow lakes.Their diet revolves around consuming invertebrates,including insects,mollusks,and worms.A fascinating trait emerges as many species undertake aestivation during dry seasons, adopting a practice of self-burial within the mud.
Systematics and Taxonomy of Pelomedusidae:
Pelomedusidae,belonging to the Pleurodira suborder, exhibits a closer evolutionary relationship with the South American and Malagasy Podocnemididae than with the South American and Australian Chelidae.The clade that encompasses Pelomedusidae and Podocnemididae,excluding Chelidae,is referred to as "Pelomedusoides."
Within the Pelomedusidae family,two genera and a total of 27 extant species have been identified:
Genus: Pelomedusa
- Pelomedusa barbata
- Pelomedusa galeata
- Pelomedusa gehafie
- Pelomedusa kobe
- Pelomedusa neumanni
- Pelomedusa olivacea
- Pelomedusa schweinfurthi
- Pelomedusa somalica
- Pelomedusa subrufa
- Pelomedusa variabilis
Genus: Pelusios
- Pelusios adansonii
- Pelusios bechuanicus
- Pelusios broadleyi
- Pelusios carinatus
- Pelusios castaneus
- Pelusios castanoides
- Pelusios chapini
- Pelusios cupulatta
- Pelusios gabonensis
- Pelusios marani
- Pelusios nanus
- Pelusios niger
- Pelusios rhodesianus
- Pelusios sinuatus
- Pelusios subniger
- Pelusios upembae
- Pelusios williamsi
It's worth noting that Pelusios seychellensis was initially considered an endemic species to the Seychelles based on 19th-century museum specimens.However,subsequent investigation utilizing mitochondrial evidence revealed that these specimens were,in fact,Pelusios castaneus.As a result,the species status of Pelusios seychellensis was revoked,and it is listed as Extinct by the IUCN.
The African Sideneck Turtle,with its captivating appearance and unique behaviors,is a fascinating aquatic creature native to the West African regions.Understanding their habitat,history,and care requirements is essential for ensuring their well-being in captivity.
Native Range and Estivation:
Originating from countries such as Angola,Guinea,Ghana,Senegal,Liberia,Sierra Leone,and the Congo,the African Sideneck Turtle thrives in diverse habitats.During the wet season,they inhabit rivers,lakes,and ponds,but adapt to the challenges of the dry season by estivating in mud or underground burrows.This survival strategy allows them to endure harsh conditions and reemerge when the environment becomes favorable.
Creating a Suitable Environment:
Recreating a natural habitat is crucial for the well-being of African Sideneck Turtles in captivity.A substrate of sand and gravel mimics their native environment, offering them opportunities to dig and bury themselves.It's important to avoid using rocks with sharp edges that could harm the turtles. Plastic plants,driftwood,and rocks can be strategically placed to provide hiding spots and create a dry area for basking.Designating approximately three-quarters of the tank for water and the remaining quarter for dry land helps replicate their natural surroundings.
Decorative Elements:
Decorations play a vital role in mimicking the African Sideneck Turtle's habitat.Mopani wood,known for its weight and resistance to mold, is an excellent choice to add authenticity to the tank.Plastic plants,decorative toys,small toy turtles, and driftwood can further enrich their environment.Since these turtles burrow under the sand,providing shaded spots under driftwood or rocks allows them to feel secure.
Basking and Docking:
African Sideneck Turtles require a basking area to regulate their body temperature and receive UVB light.Placing a dock or large rocks in the tank allows them to access a dry spot when needed.This behavior emulates their tendency to swim to the water's surface for breathing and feeding. Ensuring a well-structured basking spot promotes their overall health and comfort.
Diverse Aquatic Habits:
A remarkable trait of African Sideneck Turtles is their adaptability to various freshwater systems.Whether it's a permanent lake,river,or ephemeral pool,these turtles can thrive in a wide range of aquatic environments.Their ability to navigate different settings showcases their resilience and adaptability as a species.
Creating a suitable habitat for African Sideneck Turtles is a rewarding endeavor that allows these unique creatures to thrive in captivity.By replicating their native habitat,providing appropriate substrates,decorations,and basking areas,and acknowledging their diverse aquatic habits,turtle enthusiasts can contribute to the well-being and longevity of these captivating aquatic wonders.
African Sideneck Turtles,known for their captivating appearance and unique behaviors,have specific dietary requirements that play a crucial role in their well-being.Their omnivorous nature,feeding habits in the wild,and dietary considerations in captivity contribute to their overall health and vitality.
Wild Omnivores:
In their natural habitats,African Sideneck Turtles exhibit an omnivorous diet,consuming a diverse array of insects,plants,and fish native to their surroundings.Their adaptable eating habits reflect their ability to thrive in different environments and adapt to available food sources.Mimicking this variety in captivity is essential to maintaining their nutritional balance.
Variety and Moderation:
Feeding African Sideneck Turtles a diverse diet is key to their success in captivity.While they may show preferences for certain food types,it's crucial to avoid overfeeding and fixation on a single type of food.Providing a variety of options prevents nutritional deficiencies and encourages the turtles to display their natural behaviors.
Diet Throughout Life Stages:
Young African Sideneck Turtles require more protein and insects in their diet to support growth.As they mature,their carnivorous tendencies gradually diminish,and they shift towards a more balanced diet.Insects,aquatic insects,worms,clams,and fish proteins are suitable choices to provide essential nutrients during their early years.
Nutrient-Rich Greens:
Incorporating nutrient-rich greens is essential for a well-rounded diet.Spinach,romaine lettuce,red-leaf lettuce,collard greens,and dandelions are excellent options to fulfill their plant-based dietary needs.These greens contribute to the turtles' overall health and ensure they receive essential vitamins and minerals.
Feeding Strategies:
Due to their aquatic nature,African Sideneck Turtles tend to create messes while eating in their tanks.To maintain cleanliness, feeding them in a separate container outside the tank is advisable.If you house multiple turtles,feeding them individually helps prevent food aggression and frenzies,ensuring each turtle receives its share.
Supplements for Optimal Nutrition:
To ensure proper nutrition,consider providing calcium blocks or vitamin and mineral supplements periodically.These supplements help bridge potential gaps in their diet,contributing to their overall well-being and health.
Maintaining a balanced diet for African Sideneck Turtles is essential for their health and vitality.Their omnivorous nature,dietary preferences in the wild,and specific nutritional requirements in captivity underscore the importance of providing a diverse range of foods.By offering a varied diet and incorporating supplements,we can contribute to the long and healthy lives of these captivating aquatic creatures.
African Sideneck Turtle Behavior:
The behavior of African Sideneck Turtles offers a window into the complex world of these aquatic creatures.From their interactions with each other to their response to human presence,these turtles showcase a range of behaviors that highlight their unique personalities and adaptations.
Curious and Active Nature:
African Sideneck Turtles are known for their hardiness,moderate size,and abundant presence.While they start off shy in new environments,they gradually become curious and inquisitive,often popping up to explore their surroundings.Their curiosity can sometimes be mistaken for aggression,particularly when they pop up or engage in seemingly active behavior.
Interactions with Humans:
While not generally known for aggression towards humans,African Sideneck Turtles can exhibit defensive behavior when they feel threatened or anxious.Handling should be minimized to avoid stressing the turtles.They might use their claws to escape or even scratch and bite if they're particularly nervous.It's crucial to approach them calmly and gently to ensure a positive interaction.
Varied Temperaments:
The temperaments of African Sideneck Turtles can vary.They can be social and peaceful,coexisting amongst other turtles of the same species.However,aggression might surface if their environment is too small or unclean.In interactions with humans,they often respond positively to familiar voices and gestures when they become accustomed to their caregivers.
Adaptation Over Time:
As these turtles settle into their aquarium homes,they undergo behavioral shifts.They transition from initial shyness to a more outgoing and interactive demeanor.Despite their seemingly active behavior,it's essential to remember that handling should be minimized to prevent undue stress or defensive reactions.
Handling Considerations:
African Sideneck Turtles have been known to show signs of aggression when handled.Their defense mechanisms include sticking out their tongues or using their claws to escape perceived threats.It's crucial to handle them gently and avoid provoking them to prevent stress or potential bites or scratches.
The behavior of African Sideneck Turtles is a fascinating blend of curiosity,adaptation,and response to their environment.Understanding their tendencies and respecting their need for a calm and controlled space allows us to appreciate their unique personalities and ensure their well-being.As we navigate interactions with these turtles,we can forge connections that offer insights into the delicate balance of the natural world.
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The Longevity of African Sideneck Turtles:
African Sideneck Turtles are known for their captivating appearance and unique behaviors. Their lifespan,influenced by various factors,sheds light on the remarkable journey these creatures undertake under proper care and habitat conditions.
Longevity and Care:
When provided with proper care,African Sideneck Turtles can live a remarkable lifespan of a few decades.Reports indicate that some species have even thrived for over 50 years in captivity.This underscores the importance of creating an environment that meets their needs and supports their longevity.
Varied Reports of Lifespan:
The lifespan of African Sideneck Turtles can vary based on different sources. Generally,their typical lifespan falls within the range of 25 to 50 years.Factors such as living conditions,habitat quality,diet,and overall care play a crucial role in determining how long these turtles can live.
Wild vs. Captivity:
In their natural habitat,African Sideneck Turtles generally live for 40 to 50 years.However,in captivity,with proper care and attention to their needs, they have the potential to extend their lifespan.Providing an environment that mimics their natural habitat while meeting their nutritional and behavioral requirements contributes to their overall well-being and longevity.
Size and Lifespan Relationship:
The size of African Sideneck Turtles plays a role in their lifespan.Females,with their slightly larger shell bodies compared to males,can have a lifespan of around 20 years on average.It's important to note that while these turtles may survive up to 30 years in the wild,their lifespan can extend up to fifty years in captivity when given the right conditions.
The longevity of African Sideneck Turtles is a testament to the impact of proper care,suitable habitat,and attention to their unique needs.With reports of these turtles thriving for decades in captivity,it becomes clear that responsible ownership and dedication to their well-being can lead to a fulfilling and lengthy companionship with these captivating aquatic creatures.
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The breeding and reproduction process of African Sideneck Turtles is a remarkable journey that involves intricate behaviors and environmental factors.Understanding their mating rituals,nesting habits,and the unique influence of temperature on offspring gender adds a layer of fascination to these captivating aquatic creatures.
Mating Rituals:
The breeding process of African Sideneck Turtles is marked by distinct behaviors.When a male is ready to breed,he initiates the courtship by bobbing his head at a female.Her response can vary - she may stand still,nod her head back in approval,or snap and walk away if she's not receptive.Successful courtship leads to copulation,where the male and female form a yin-yang shape with their tails as they mate.This intricate dance is a testament to nature's complexities.
Nesting and Egg-Laying:
Female African Sideneck Turtles lay their eggs in nests approximately 15 cm deep.A single clutch can consist of up to 10 eggs,and a fertile female can lay multiple clutches in a year. Interestingly, the sex of the offspring is influenced by water temperature.Warm and cold temperatures produce female hatchlings,while moderate temperatures yield mostly male turtles.This temperature-dependent gender determination adds a fascinating layer to their reproductive biology.
Breeding Cycles:
Breeding cycles for African Sideneck Turtles typically occur twice a year,often during the dry season.Eggs laid during the dry season hatch during the subsequent wet rainy season,aligning with the environment's natural rhythms.Female turtles employ a defensive mechanism during breeding,burying themselves within their shells to protect themselves and their eggs from potential predators.
Incubation and Hatchling Care:
Incubating the eggs at a controlled temperature and humidity level is crucial for healthy hatchlings.Maintaining a temperature between 75-85 degrees Fahrenheit and humidity levels between 30-70% supports successful incubation.After 45 to 60 days, the eggs hatch, giving rise to vulnerable hatchlings.These young turtles require special care and protection from predators during their first year of life.
The breeding and reproductive journey of African Sideneck Turtles is a testament to nature's intricacies and adaptations.From courtship rituals to temperature-dependent gender determination,these turtles' life cycle reveals the delicate balance between biology and the environment.As we study and appreciate these aspects, we gain a deeper understanding of the beauty and complexity of these aquatic marvels.
The Human Connection to African Sideneck Turtles:
Beyond their intriguing appearance and unique behaviors,African Sideneck Turtles have a modest yet notable significance in the lives of humans.From indigenous consumption to the pet trade,these turtles have found a place in our cooperation with the regular world.
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Cultural Consumption:
Indigenous communities in regions such as West Africa occasionally include African Sideneck Turtles in their diet.However,the turtles possess a defense mechanism that sets them apart - their musk secretions emit a foul odor,discouraging consistent consumption.This intriguing trait contributes to a complex relationship between humans and these aquatic creatures,highlighting the intricate balance of survival and adaptation in the wild.
Pet Trade Considerations:
While African Sideneck Turtles are not at the forefront of the pet trade,they do play a role in the world of exotic pets.These turtles,with their captivating appearance and charming behaviors,have found a place in the hearts of some pet enthusiasts.However,it's essential to approach their care with dedication and responsibility,replicating their natural habitat and providing for their unique needs.A growing understanding of these turtles' requirements can contribute to their well-being in captivity.
A Lesson in Balance:
The significance of African Sideneck Turtles to humans serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the intricate dynamics between species.While they may be consumed in certain cultures and enter the pet trade,their adaptations and defense mechanisms highlight the delicate balance of nature.These turtles remind us of the need to approach our interactions with wildlife with respect and consideration for the intricate web of life.
From cultural consumption to their presence in the pet trade,African Sideneck Turtles offer insights into our relationship with the natural world.Their unique adaptations,including their musk secretions,add complexity to their significance to humans.As we observe and interact with these remarkable creatures,we are reminded of the importance of maintaining harmony with nature and valuing the intricate roles that different species play in the tapestry of life.
Creating a Comfortable Habitat for Your African Sideneck Turtle
African Sideneck Turtles thrive in environments that mimic their natural habitat.Setting up a suitable habitat is crucial to their well-being and longevity.From the tank itself to lighting, heating,and decor,each element contributes to their overall comfort and health.
Choosing the Right Habitat:
1.Tank Selection:
Whether indoors or outdoors,choose an appropriate tank for your African Sideneck Turtle.Wide tanks are preferable over tall ones,allowing turtles to float,dive,and bask freely.Consider glass aquariums,Rubbermaid totes,baby pools,or custom-built enclosures.
2.Water Depth:
Maintain a water level at least 1.5 times the length of your turtle,with a depth of 6 to 8 inches.This allows them to comfortably swim and bask.
3.Dry Spot:
Create a designated dry area where your turtle can haul out of the water to dry off.This spot is essential for basking under a UVB light.
Decor and Shelter:
1.Natural Elements:
Mimic the turtle's native habitat with driftwood,large flat rocks,cork bark slabs,and both artificial and live plants.These elements provide hiding spots,climbing opportunities,and natural aesthetics.
2.Shelter Options:
Arrange the tank decor to create hiding spots for your sideneck turtle.In a multi-turtle habitat,hiding spots become crucial for retreat from potential aggressors.
3.Branches and Logs:
Incorporate water-safe logs and branches for climbing and enrichment.Ensure that these elements are positioned to prevent the turtle from using them to escape the tank.
Heat and Lighting:
1.Basking Area:
Maintain a basking area with a temperature between 95 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit.This area,equipped with a UVB basking light,provides essential warmth and UVB rays for vitamin D3 synthesis.
2. Ambient Room Temperature:
Keep the ambient room temperature in the low 80s Fahrenheit to ensure that the entire enclosure remains within an appropriate temperature range.
3.UVB Lighting:
Install UVB lights that provide the necessary UVB rays for your turtle's health.Be mindful of any barriers that might block these rays,and replace UVB bulbs every 9 months to maintain their effectiveness.
Regular Maintenance:
1.Water Quality:
Regularly change the water in the tank to keep it clean.A tank filter with a flow rate of 350 gallons per hour can help maintain water cleanliness between cleanings.
2.Temperature Monitoring:
Use digital thermometers to monitor water and basking area temperatures regularly to ensure they remain within the recommended range.
Creating an optimal habitat for your African Sideneck Turtle involves careful consideration of tank setup,decor,lighting,and heating.By replicating their natural environment and meeting their specific needs,you provide them with the best possible living conditions.This leads to a comfortable and thriving life for your aquatic companion,offering you years of enjoyment and companionship.
The conservation status of African Sideneck Turtles,while not fully assessed for most species,carries critical implications for their long-term survival.Among them,two species have emerged as vulnerable,shedding light on the need for focused efforts to protect their habitats and preserve their populations.
Assessing Conservation Status:
While a comprehensive evaluation of the conservation status of many African Sideneck Turtle species is lacking,recent attention has been directed towards understanding the vulnerability of these creatures in their natural habitats.This highlights the urgent necessity to gather data and assess the condition of these turtles across their range.
Vulnerable Species:
Two African Sideneck Turtle species,Pelusios broadleyi and P.seychellensis,have earned the distinction of being listed as"Vulnerable"on the IUCN Red List.These designations are particularly significant due to the limited distributions of these species.Pelusios broadleyi,found in Kenya's Lake Turkana,and P.seychellensis in the Seychelles,are facing unique challenges within their restricted ranges.
Protecting Precious Pockets of Biodiversity:
The"Vulnerable"status of these two species underlines the importance of targeted conservation efforts.Addressing the threats to their habitats,such as habitat degradation,pollution,and potential overexploitation,becomes a priority.Collaborative initiatives that involve local communities,conservation organizations,and governments can contribute to safeguarding these turtles and the ecosystems they inhabit.
A Call for Action:
The limited available information on the conservation status of African Sideneck Turtles accentuates the need for comprehensive research and assessment.Protecting these turtles extends beyond preserving a single species—it's about maintaining the delicate balance of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the survival of unique and irreplaceable creatures.
The"Vulnerable"status of Pelusios broadleyi and P.seychellensis highlights the pressing need for focused conservation efforts.The gaps in our understanding of the conservation status of other species in the African Sideneck Turtle family emphasize the urgency to gather data and develop strategies to ensure their continued existence.By taking action to protect these turtles and their habitats,we can contribute to the preservation of biodiversity and the intricate tapestry of life on our planet.
The African Sideneck Turtle stands as a captivating testament to nature's wonders.With its distinctive features and intriguing behavior,these aquatic marvels have earned a special place in our hearts.As we've delved into their habitat,care requirements,and conservation challenges,it's evident that preserving their natural habitats is essential for their survival.By understanding their unique needs and supporting conservation efforts,we can ensure that future generations will continue to be enchanted by the charm of the African Sideneck Turtle.Whether as cherished pets or vital members of ecosystems,these turtles remind us of the intricate beauty that flourishes within the natural world.
Frequently asked questions and answers:
Q:What is the habitat of the African Sideneck Turtle?
A: African Sideneck Turtles are primarily found in freshwater habitats,including rivers,lakes,and ponds across various parts of Africa.They tend to prefer slow-moving waters with ample vegetation.
Q:How do I care for an African Sideneck Turtle as a pet?
A:Proper care involves maintaining a clean and spacious aquatic environment with a basking area,UVB lighting,and a varied diet of aquatic plants,insects,and commercial turtle food.Regular tank cleaning and monitoring water quality are also essential.
Q:What distinguishes the African Sideneck Turtle from other turtle species?
A:The most distinctive feature is their sideways-neck retraction into the shell.They also have distinct,colorful markings on their heads and necks,varying by species.
Q:Are African Sideneck Turtles endangered?
A:Some species are listed as near-threatened or vulnerable due to habitat loss and pollution. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure their survival.
Q:How do African Sideneck Turtles behave in the wild?
A:They are semi-aquatic and spend much of their time in water.They are known for their playful and curious behavior,often basking on rocks or logs to regulate their body temperature.
Q:What should I do if I find an injured African Sideneck Turtle in the wild?
A:Contact local wildlife authorities or rehabilitation centers.Handling should be minimal,and it's best to let professionals assess and care for the injured turtle.
Q:How long do African Sideneck Turtles live?
A:With proper care,they can live anywhere from 20 to 50 years,depending on the species and their environment.
Q:Can African Sideneck Turtles interact with other turtle species?
A:It's generally recommended to keep them with their own species due to potential differences in habitat and behavior.Mixing species can lead to stress and aggression.
Q:What role do African Sideneck Turtles play in their ecosystems?
A:They contribute to aquatic ecosystems by controlling insect populations and helping to maintain plant growth through their feeding habits.
Q:Are African Sideneck Turtles suitable for beginners as pets?
A:They can be suitable with proper research and dedication to their care requirements.However,they may require more advanced care compared to other common pet turtles.
Naturalist, library specialist,
information retrieval specialist,
biodiversity conservation worker.
He obtained Masters degree from
University of Dhaka in information science.
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